Can Sustainable Energy and Fossil Fuel Co-Exist - 1389 Words

Can Sustainable Energy and Fossil Fuel Co-Exist? In recent years, the question of America’s power source has been the topic on more than a few dinner and boardroom tables across the country. In fact, it is even talked about in the offices of governors and the POTUS. The reason why so many people are raising this question is the rise in petroleum prices and the depletion of natural resources. The rising prices of petroleum is not a new thing; It has happening for decades, but the American people have begun to realize that its dependence on foreign oil has escalated over the years along with the cost of living which brings up the question of money and how to keep more of it in pocket. The argument of finding other ways to keep cars on the road, to keep homes heated in the winter, to keep homes cooled in the summer, planes flying, etc. has made people think outside the box; the â€Å"what if† factor has been slapped on the table along with a few â€Å"can we†, and a couple â€Å"of how comes†. For the most part, a lot of the answers are not new they are old with an added twist to revive them; for example, the wind power was being used by early farmers in the 1800s, steam and solar power had been dated back to the ancient Greeks. With the help of new technologies and studies, these old energy sources are becoming more popular as time goes on. The growth of sustainable energy, which includes Solar, Wind, Biomass, Biogas, and Geothermal, has become a major factor in the business of supplyingShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Climate Change Policy On Employment Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesrainfall patterns are shifting, and more extreme climate events, such as drought, flooding, are taking place. It is not a forecast anymore; greenhouse gases are intensifying the global warming. In 2013, 81.2% of the energy consumption in the world are produced by fossil fuel (International Energy Agency). Could you imagine how much greenhouse gases are produced? Ever since 1980s, scientist has found that the emission of the greenhouse gases is the major factor contributes to the global warming, which intensifyRead MoreSolar Panels, Hydropower, And Wind Turbines1159 Words   |  5 Pagesmost prevalent sources for energy is often ove rlooked. Biomass is a renewable and sustainable energy resource that uses organic materials to generate electricity. (Biomass Power Association.) Biomass energy is made from any form of previously-living material. This includes any animal material or product, all vegetation, and even human waste. Scrap lumber, forest debris, crops, manure, and even industrial wastes can all be utilized and turned into renewable energy through biomass. Often leftoverRead More Solutions to Global Warming Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesYou hear about it from television news broadcasts. You read about it in newspapers and magazines. You talk about it with friends and co-workers. There have even been movies made about it. The â€Å"it† is global warming. â€Å"Global warming refers to the global-average temperature increase that has been observed over the last one hundred years or more† (Spencer). Some experts argue that global warming is a result of human activities, while others believe the warming and cooling of the Earth’s atmosphereRead MoreBiomimicry: Technology of the Future739 Words   |  3 Pagesrevol ution, which was a time during the 19th century when their was a widespread knowledge of fossil fuels, humans have been competing with nature. We have been competing with nature for who has the better claim on the land, because for millions of years, we were at the mercy of nature. With that being said, humans, having realized that we have many problems, then realized that we must work together with nature and exist on this planet as one. Now, instead of us fighting with nature, we look to nature toRead MoreEnergy Sources: Out with the Bad, In with the Renewable1810 Words   |  7 PagesEnergy sources, out with the bad in with the renewable. Currently in the U.S. we rely on non-renewable sources to produce our energy such as oil, coal, natural gas and nuclear energy. Although these methods do well producing energy, they also have large down falls environmental, economically, and in other ways that fail to show a promising future. This makes it necessary that we adapt alternative renewable energy methods that do not have these effects, and can insure a promising future. BecauseRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources Of Energy2600 Words   |  11 PagesThe worldwide demand of energy has been increasing considerably. Up to 2030, it is supposed to be 60% higher than today (B. SCHMITZ, 2013). Currently, non-renewable energy sources, like coal and oil, are more commonly used, since they are cheaper than renewable energies. In the European Union, 80% of the energy consumption demands are covered by fossil sources (B. SCHMITZ, 2013). But, non-renewable energy sources are running out and they are also very harmful for the environment, since they generateRead MoreRenewable Energy and Sustainable Development4969 Words   |  20 PagesRenewable Energy and Sustainable Development: an Overview PrakashS.V.* Abstract The Environmental problems that we face today require long-term potential actions for sustainable development. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions to this problem. The anticipated patterns of future energy use and consequent environmental impacts are comprehensively discussed, along with the potential solutions to current environmental problemsRead MoreAlternative Sources Of Alternative Energy3097 Words   |  13 Pages Alternative Energy by Gage R. Shots University of Southern Indiana Global Economic Issues 241 Section 003 Prof. Daria Sevastianova Due December 8, 2014 Alternative Energy Alternative energy is imperative to the continuation and advancement of the world. There will come a time where the unsustainable resources we use to power every aspect of our lives will cease to exist, or become uneconomical. In the same way, the pollutants given off by using these energy materials are believedRead MoreThe Consumption Of Crude Oil1684 Words   |  7 Pagesdamages the Earth s atmosphere, being responsible for the decline in the number of many species. Now, the consumption of crude oil is around 90 million barrels per day worldwide and it is certain that the consumption at such a rapid rate is not sustainable. That explains why some scientists and experts advocate migration to another planet which is ideal for living. However, it is far more practical for people to continue living on the Earth by prioritizing saving the Earth. It is a mission impossibleRead MoreSustainable Futures Act Recommendations Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages Re: Sustainable Futures Act Recommendation Executive Summary: With the passage of the Sustainable Futures Act (SFA), a clear message has been sent to both the Nation and the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The SFA bans coal extraction, crucial to the Kentucky economy, while it does provide job training and economic support for those in coal mining areas, the bill will not be enough to spur new green growth in the Commonwealth. The two proposals: 1) Provide Mazda USA $500 million dollars to start production

My Christmas Day Free Essays

string(122) " This sentence sort of came out of the blue and you didn’t mention before who Brian was or continued talking about him\." Alaysha Green Mr. Raymond Villegas ENG 1010 Jan. 31, 2011 FYI: When you are writing papers, make sure everything is evenly spaced. We will write a custom essay sample on My Christmas Day or any similar topic only for you Order Now There should only be a double space between the information and the title My Christmas Day Of 2010 As I woke up with the sun’s rays in my eyes, I hit my phone alarm clock, which since it was ringing at 10 a. m. As I walked (the way you wrote this makes it a fragmented sentence. If you add a subject and change the verb it is not fragmented) down the beige hallway, into the ocean theme bathroom. I turned on the bathroom light, and turned then the water on to wash my face. When you have the same action in the same sentence to different objects you can eliminate the second verb so it doesn’t sound so repetitive After washing my face with warm and soapy water, I took my blue face towel to dry my face off. Good, great description Finished with my face, I realized that it was Christmas morning. This is a great revelation here. I was thinking it was a typical day so I’m glad you held off saying it was Christmas till later in your paragraph. It gives that feel that we (audience) are walking up with you and when we come to our senses we realize it’s Christmas. Good job. I walked down the hallway further to my son, Tydarrius’, Cars theme room filled with a car theme. Standing next to his bed, and waking him up, he jumped out of bed, and said â€Å"Yay! It’s Christmas†. He ran to the Christmas tree to turn on the bright and shining lights. He was amazed and dazzled with all the presents in the front of him. His eyes glistened and sparkled as he took the paper off the presents. Good paragraph. There were a few ways of writing some of the sentences you wrote but otherwise it was good Scuffing off to the freshly white painted living room to watch him, open his gifts, I told him. â€Å"I hope you like your gifts, baby†. When I read your draft in lab, it needed some work. Now I like the revisions that you have made to your draft. I can see a vast improvement When he got through with gift wrappings, we threw all of the wrappings in our black gallon size trash can. Sometime later, my mom and dad came over to the house. Tydarrius opened the big red front door with double locks on it for from (is from what you are trying to say here? ) them. Tydarrius and I hugged them and said â€Å"Merry Christmas†. As they walked in the door, they pulled out two gifts with snowman wrapping. Tydarrius ran to the gifts with great excitement and with speed. Tydarrius ripped open the presents. The first present he opened was a yellow and black motorcycle with driver. His second gift was a v-tech reader book called â€Å"What That Noise†. As he played with his toys, I wandered off from the family room directly into the my apple themed kitchen. I turned on the kitchen lights and started to cook on the white gas stove, cooking breakfast for my son and me. The aroma filled the air with the smell of scrambled eggs, crispy turkey bacon, and buttery grits with cheese. Good I laid his food on the Thomas and Friends plate ware which sits in dining room. I called him to the red oak square dining room table. He ate his food with the speed of lightening. Great paragraph The time was 12:00 p. m. , when we decided to go to my Aunt Shirley’s house for a visit. The sun still shined bright as we walked outside into the cold and crisp air to get into the light blue Nissan pathfinder. As we drove, I saw a lot of people smiling, laughing, and playing with their families. Kids were playing with their Christmas toys too. As the car stopped, we arrived in front of my aunt’s house. My father parked the truck in front of white picket fence of my aunt’s house. My aunt’s house is a brick house with wild flowers growing in and out the front and back yard. It’s surrounded by a bright, white, picket fence with an open and closed gate door to enter in. We arrived at her house at 12:45 p. m. As we walked in her house, she said, â€Å"Merry Christmas to you. † She offered us to sit down on the black leather sofa, in her Jungle themed living room. This is a great paragraph. Notice I didn’t have to make any corrections. In this paragraph. Everything flowed nicely. The house was filled with the aroma of delicious and tasteful foods like The food she cooked included fried chicken, honey baked ham, fried turkey, barbecue ribs, and fried pork chops. Her sides included were organized in a row and began with rice, collard greens, baked Mac-cheese, squash, green beans, macaroni salad, and pasta salad. Her desserts included There mouth watering deserts such as banana creme pies, pumpkin pies, sweet potato pies, and chocolate cakes. After a long visit at my aunt’s house, it was finally time at eat. We said the Lord’s prayer and ate. When the feast was over, we sat around and sang Christmas songs on the red oak piano in the dinner hall. We sung sang Christmas songs such as Frosty the Snowman, Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer, Silent Night, and Santa Claus is Coming To Town. I don’t think these words have to be underlined because they are not a book. I think they have to be italicized or used with quotation marks. You can check in your resource book Everyone sang all the songs okay, but little Brian from next door sang off key on purpose to get attention from everybody who was singing. This sentence sort of came out of the blue and you didn’t mention before who Brian was or continued talking about him. You read "My Christmas Day" in category "Essay examples" In this situation you have to ask yourself â€Å"What is the importance for having this sentence about Brian in my story. When the singing was over, we walked back into the living room to pursue more entertaining activities. You should begin a new paragraph here since you are no longer singing. Dancing is in the same genre as singing but it is an action entirely different and you switched to another room. Back in the family room we started a dancing contest which included everyone in t he house. We started dancing to old and new hip hop party music. As soon as the music started, my shy and quiet cousin, Jada, was embarrassed about dancing in front of people. I pulled her up off of the black leather sofa. At first she was standing there like a kid who forgot their line in a school play. Good analogy She took a deep breath and danced like a video diva on a BET music video. After dancing, we sat in the den and listened to a Christmas story called, â€Å"It Was the Night Before Christmas†. Everybody sat around my Aunt Shirley, like she was Santa Claus telling the story himself. As she told the story, everyone was as quiet as a mouse. When the story ended, everyone cheered as loud as people that were in a football stadium. Great analogies in this paragraph The time was now 3:00 p. when we decided to play a board game like Sorry and Pictionary. My cousins, Jada and J. D, and I played one game of Sorry together. The game started off with me in 1st place, Jada in 2nd, and J. D in 3rd place. I had 3 pegs on the board. I was red, Jada was blue and had 2 pegs on the board, J. D. was yellow and had 3 pegs on the board. As the game came to an end, I had all my pegs expect one. It was still on the board. My cousin, Jada, had 2 more pegs to get home. My cousin, J. D, had one more to get home. I passed J. D on the game board and won the game. Good. As you write this story it seems to get easier for you to tell it and describe what’s going on. In the beginning of the story your writing seemed forced but now it’s starting to relax. The next game we played was called Pictionary. We split up into two teams. One team included my Aunt Shirley, Cousin Jada, my mother Theresa, Robin, Patricia, and me. We called our team, The Divas. The next team, Ballers, included my father Danny, Alvin, Terrance, Josh, and family friend James. After a long struggle, team Diva won the game with 10 points. Ballers lost with 7 points. Both teams played an excellent game. There is a nice flow to this paragraph. I didn’t take part in Scramble, because I was tired and needed a break. So I sat in a kitchen chair to watch and listen to the Scramble match that was going on. I watched the Scramble match between my cousins, Jada, Terrance, Larry, and family friend James. Larry won the game. Jada came in 2nd place. James in 3rd place. Terrance lost completely, with no points on the board. He was cooler than a cucumber about the loss. Another great analogy After the game playing was over, I walked from the kitchen to the living room. I sat down on the black sofa in the living room with Cousin Jada as she talked about her new boyfriend. She seemed to be very happy and her face was as bright as northern lights in the night sky. As she talked about him to me, Jada described him as tall, dark-skinned, smart, and handsome man with powerful shoulders and muscles. I was very happy for her, but felt a little envy too. This was your strongest paragraph in the essay. Good job. After my long conversation with her, I walked slowly outside next to white picket fence, where my cousin J. D was standing. J. D. began talking about his plans after high school graduation. I stood there with him, because I wanted to listen to his ideas. He turned and asked me, â€Å"What choices do I have†? I replied to him, â€Å"You can get a job, go into military, or continue your education at Virginia College like me†. Then I told him,† I am very proud of you for coming so far†. J. D thanked me for believing in him. I said, â€Å"Remember to keep up the good work†. I walked back into the living room to look at the clock. The time was now 6 p. m. You should begin a new paragraph here My family and I told everybody goodbye. We strolled outside thru the gate and jumped into the blue Nissan Pathfinder truck. My parents took Tydarrius and me back home. They told us goodbye. They jumped back into the truck and left down the black concrete street. As we walked up the seven wooden stairs and into the house, I locked the front door behind us. Then we enjoyed the rest of the evening with each other. I liked your conclusion. I think you could have re-capped the day with your family a bit more. I was having so much fun hearing about the games, singing, dancing, and eating that I forgot your day began with just you and your little boy. A conclusion should include a little of everything you mentioned in your paper. Alaysha Wow! You have come a long way from the 1st draft that I read. There were a lot of editing mistakes and sentence structure mistakes in the beginning of the essay. Please continue to look things up in the reference book (smaller one than your book) to find the answers on correct sentence structure and grammar. In order to be prepared for my job, I have to go back to the resource book often. Rules do change so it’s a never ending battle of study. Also I highlighted some phrases or words in yellow that you use repeatedly. If you describe a room or situation in one way try describing another room in another way. Thank you for your hard work. Your grade is on the next page. 95%= A / -05 points for editing in the beginning of your paper. How to cite My Christmas Day, Essay examples

Financial Management Return with Australian Market

Question: Discuss about the Financial Management for Return with Australian Market. Answer: Introduction This assignment is divided into three parts. Part A describes factors for determining expected return of a portfolio and difference between selection and allocation of portfolio management. Part B includes market efficiency in the form of weak, semi strong and strong market and brief introduction of Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory. And it also includes effects in equity returns with contest to Australian market. Part C included motives behind mergers and takeovers. Part A 1.i) Factors determine the expected return of a portfolio: Expected return can be determined by the weighted average of the profits of assets under the portfolio (Petty, Titman, Keown, Martin, Martin Burrow, 2015). Expected return of a portfolio can be calculated by following formula: Expected Return E(R) = W1R1 + W2R2 +. + WnRn Example: If there is two funds in a portfolio, one is stocks and another is bonds. The rate of return for stock fund is 6% and for bond fund is 10% and allocation of each asset is 50%, then expected return will be as follows: E (R) = (0.06)*(0.50) + (0.10)*(0.50) = 0.08 or 8% There are some factors which influence the rate of return of a portfolio, such as asset mix of investments, strategic and operational fundamentals of business and conditions of macroeconomic. Fiscal policy, regulations and political stability are some other factors which influence the expected return of portfolio (Zacks, 2011). 1.ii) Distinguish between selection and allocation in the context of portfolio management: Selection of portfolio is a process of strategic decision. Selection tells the ability of selecting securities from related benchmark sector. Selection process is used to ensure the maximum return on projects which have been selected (Morris Pinto, 2010). Portfolio selection is complex process which is used to select best option from available all alternatives. Allocation is the strategic tool of distributing investment portfolio across various assets. It tells about the ability by which assets can be allocated or distributed to various sectors or groups. It is a measuring tool of ability that how effectively assets are allocated. It is also known as decision process by which allocation might be strong or effective (Cooper, Edgett Kleinschmidt, 2001). Part B Notions of weak-form, semi-strong-form and strong-form of market efficiency: Available information can be measured by the use of market efficiency. It grants maximum opportunities to vendors and customers to effect transactions with least price of transaction (Villalta, 2012). If the market is efficient, no investor can earn extra profit. So it can be said that if market is efficient, no one beat the market. The 3 notions of market efficiency are (Market Efficiency): First is weak-form efficiency, under it recent price produce the information enclosed in past prices. In other words, it says that the recent price of stock reflects all the data of past market. To evaluate under-valued stocks, chart and technical analysis which reflects past prices would not be useful. The second form of market efficiency is semi-strong form, which states that the recent price reflects the information enclosed all public information like financial statements and reports and also include past information. This information is not useful in evaluating under-valued stocks. The third and last form of market efficiency is strong form efficiency, which states that the recent price shows all information (like public and private). So, investors would not be able to evaluate under-valued stocks. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM): It is mathematical approach to evaluate profitability of financial asset. It is used to calculate return on an asset, relative to risk involved (Saeger, 2015). Return and risk are simultaneous to each other. If the risk is more, the return would be higher and chances of losses would be offset with it. Finance professionals use capital asset pricing model to calculate return on investments. The main objective of capital asset pricing model is to inform the investors about profitability and risk available with financial asset in which they want to invest. Capital asset pricing model consider the financial risk factor. (Source: Beta, Capital Asset Pricing Model, thismatter.com) The above graph shows that risk free rate is 4%. If beta is zero then it is equal to risk free rate while beta is more than zero then risk is equal to the market. Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT): Arbitrage pricing theory is asset pricing approach. Return on asset can be determined by studying the association between that assets and risk factors involved. To evaluate asset value based on law of one price and no arbitrage, arbitrage pricing theory is used (Koch, 2009). APT is also known as alternative model of CAPM. Some assumptions taken under arbitrage pricing theory are as follows (Lecture 6: Arbitrage Pricing Theory): All securities have probable values and variances. Diversified portfolios can be formed by some agents. Taxes will not applicable. Transaction costs will not apply. Patterns (effects) in equity returns: In the past thirty years the founders have found out a various cross sectional patterns related to return on equity are called effect. For Example effect of volume, price effect related to cash flow and influential effect and liquidity effect. The same research has shown that CAPM model cannot clarify model in equity returns. So these patterns are termed as anomalies, because they are not dependable with the joint assumption of market competence. Both Fama and French argued that CAPM is misspecified and they suggest a new three-factor model to clarify return on equity, which is known as FamaFrench model. This factor is an argument of the CAPM model with further factors. It captures the premium of return of big company under small company and of low B/M industry under high B/M industry (Gharghori, Lee Veeraraghavan, 2009). Effects seen in the Australian market: As per studies in 1993 and 1996, Fama and French shows that capital asset pricing model is effectively working in USA. The adjusted r2s derived from their regressions are approximately 8090 %. Fama and French model clarify various CAPM anomalies as outcome of their work and related studies made by other researchers. The Fama and French model have turn into fairly. There is a restraint in Australian investigation is that the asset pricing models are experienced on a big number of portfolio, and B/M portfolios can be used to test portfolios the next Fama and French. The market of Australia is very small compared to US market and the market contains only few stocks. So it can be said that to test the model on a huge number of portfolio, it is not suitable. The main reason is that the normal divergence of the portfolio income is too high as the no of stocks in the portfolio is very little this will prejudice the analysis that the model is rejected. So it is important to examine the model on lesser number of portfolios. In this study, model can be tested on a much lesser number of portfolios. Main objective behind their work is that if the model gives good description about equity returns then it will be able to explain the returns of the test portfolio created by sorts on which is recognized CAPM anomaly. The model will be accepted because it explains the returns on many sets of test portfolios in the USA and the Australian research has not tested the FamaFrench model on the groups of portfolios which is formed by sorting on a broad variety of firm feature. So the second motivator to test the model on portfolio which is created by sorts the characteristics which is known to give details the cross-sectional difference in equity returns in order to inspect whether the model explain any experiential belongings. Finally, in 2007 Gharghori find a pathetic proof of a leverage effect and various studies of Australia have examined the volume, B/M and liquidity effects and the majority of the findings are consistent with the determining Australian text. Hence it is less proof about the E/P and leverage effect in Australia and according to information, print work on the C/P effect. So an inspiration of the current study is to reinstate whether the size, B/M, E/P, C/P, leverage and liquidity effects subsist in Australia (Gharghori, Lee Veeraraghavan, 2009). Part C Motives behind mergers and takeovers: Merger: When two or more companies agreed to combine into one company, it is known as merger. Under merger two or more similar companies merged with each other and worked combined. Takeover: When a large company acquires or purchases a smaller company, it is known as takeover. Under takeover large company which acquires smaller company, takes full control over the smaller company. Motives for mergers and takeovers are divided into three main groups by Johnson Scholes (Riley, 2012), which are as follows: (1) Strategic (2) Financial (3) Managerial Strategic motives: These motives are easily justified and the transactions are mostly significant and essential. Success will not be guaranteed only if there is a strong intentional motive. The management of process of integration may be poor, wrong target may be chosen or price paid is of higher value. Financial motives: Financial Goal is a key element in all takeovers and mergers all are intended to attain a acceptable rate of return for the investment and danger been taken, however, there may be situation when the reason behind the transaction is monetary rather than planned. The financial returns are very important and it derives the deal. Managerial motives: When any merger or takeover fails, then it can be traced back and called them as managerial motives. Takeover is a bad news for a shareholder of a business, this transaction of merger and takeover destroys the amount of shareholder value. 1.b). Corporate control means the right to appoint, fires and set the payment is set for the managers who holds top position. When the bidding company takeoff the firm; the controlling privileges of the firm which is acquired are transfer to the acquiring firm BOD. The controlling rights are retained by the corporate boards and they hand over the privileges to supervise the corporate wealth to the managers. So the resources of the target are managed by acquiring firm top management. Takeover can be done by 3 methods like tender offer, merger, through proxy contest, and most of the time all the 3 elements are present. In merger the company who is bidding offer to the company to buy common stock at a value which is surplus of the target firm earlier MV. And when talk about mergers they are manage with the target managers directly it is approved by the BOD of the target company before the vote of shareholders approval. Tender offer means directly buy the shares of shareholders who make a decision on their own whether they wanted to give their shares for sale. Proxy contests take place when a dissatisfied group mostly led by an unhappy manager or by large stockholder and they attempt to increase the seats on the BOD of the target firm (Jensen Ruback, 1983). An overview of the issues and evidence: Mannes article initiated an interest in how controlling market attracts big corporation, and in a lot of cases the information about many facets of the market for corporate control has enlarged significantly. Technical information about the business takeover market provides the answer of the question stated below: How large the shareholders of both the firms of gains? Due to opposition of the bids by the manager of target firms it diminishes the stakeholder prosperity? Does antitrust resistance to takeovers compel costs on merger firms? Whether proxy contests exaggerated shareholder wealth? Voting rights of the corporate are precious? Short evidences provide a supportive guide to the more in depth conversation that follow. Many studies guess that what are the effects of mergers on the stock prices the participate companies. There are 2 tables 1, 2 and they present a prcis of changes in the prices of stocks for both winning and failed takeover in the study. The returns in the tables represent our mixture of the evidence. Table 1 Abnormal percentage stock price change linked With winning company takeovers Takeover technique Target (%) Bidders (%) Tender offers 30 4 Mergers 20 0 Proxy contests 8 n.a. Table 2 Abnormal percentage stock price changes associated With unsuccessful corporate takeover bids(1). Takeover technique Target (%) Bidders (%) Tender offers -3 -1 Mergers -3 -5 Proxy contests 8 n.a. Table 1 depicts that target firms has a winning takeovers experience statistically important and the prices are changed twenty percent in mergers and thirty percent in abnormal tender offers. The firm which is acquiring realizes a major abnormal profit of four percent of in tender offers and zero in mergers. And the second table depicts that together the companies that is bidders and targets suffers a little negative abnormal stock cost change in failed merger and tender offer takeovers, even though only the -5% return for failed bidders in mergers is considerably dissimilar as of zero. Stockholders holding proxy contests in the corporation earn normal abnormal returns of about eight percent. It was astonished that these returns are not significantly lesser when the uprising group lose the competition. The difference under the large stock price increase for winning target firms and the irrelevant stock price changes for failed targets indicate that the profit of mergers are realize only when power of the target firms assets is transfer to a acquiring firm. It suggest that the target firm stockholders have harmed when the managers of the target oppose the takeover bid and take additional measures that decrease the chances of winning acquisition. Moreover, the target managers have been changed when, the takeover loses control, reputation and the manual capital of organization, and they can resist the takeover bid still. They take advantage significantly from the acquisition. When management resist to a bid it will gain stockholders when it lead to a superior takeover cost or else the prices of stock is greater than before. When the management resist it effects on share shareholder prosperity and it is an experiential substance. Under corporate finance, study the effect of corporate networks on the takeover process. And it can be seen that the companies which are better connected are more active bidders. When both the companies have one or more directors in common, there will be chance that the transaction will be completed successfully without arguments and the time taken in the negotiation is very short. The connected targets frequently accept offers that involve equity. The worth of the information of the directors network consist of directors ability how they collect the information which is non public about the target or bidder and the synergies in an MA. corporations who have superior information can access (through networks) are and they discover precious targets and can start more takeovers. Merger and Acquisition (MA) frequency: The 1st question that is asked is that the takeovers occur between the firms having familiar directors? It may be possible that the firms, who want to take over another firm, offer a directorship to any director of a potential target or bidder, respectively. One of the important issues of negotiation is the payment method it may be in cash, equity or a mixture of both. So it all depends on market conditions, the acquiring company policy which he adopts against the target company that the takeovers increase the value of the target, or the bidder company, or its aggregate market value (Renneboog Zhao, 2014). References: Cooper, R. G., Edgett, S. J. Kleinschmidt, E. J. (2001). Portfolio Management for New Products: Basic Books Gharghor, P., Lee Roland and Veeraraghavan, M. (2009) Anomalies and stock returns: Australian evidence, Accounting and Finance, Vol. 49 pp 555 576. Jensen, M. C. Ruback, R. S. (1983). The Market For Corporate Control, Journal of Financial Economics. Vol. 11(April): 5-50. Koch, C. (2009). The Arbitrage Pricing Theory as an Approach to Capital Asset Valuation: GRIN Verlag Lecture 6: Arbitrage Pricing Theory. Retrieved on 23 Aug 2016 from: https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/papanikolaou/htm/finc460/ln/lecture6.pdf Market Efficiency Definition And Tests. Retrieved on 23 Aug 2016 from: https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/invemgmt/effdefn.htm Morris, P. Pinto, J. K. (2010). The Wiley Guide to Project, Program, and Portfolio Management. Volume 10 of The Wiley Guides to the Management of Projects: John Wiley Sons Petty, J. W., Titman, S., Keown, A. J., Martin, P., Martin, J. D. Burrow, M. (2015). Financial Management:Principles and Applications. (ed. 6): Pearson Higher Education AU Renneboog, L. Zhao, Y. (2014). Director networks and takeovers, Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 28: 218234. Riley, J. (2012). The Main Motives Behind Takeovers And Mergers. Retrieved on 24 Aug 2016 from: https://www.tutor2u.net/business/blog/the-main-motives-behind-takeovers-and-mergers Saeger, A. D. (2015). Capital Asset Pricing Model: Build the most efficient portfolio. Volume 22 of Management Marketing: 50 Minutes.COM Spaulding, W. C. (2016). Capital Asset Pricing Model. Retrieved on 12 September 2016 from: https://thismatter.com/money/investments/capital-asset-pricing-model.htm Villalta, T. (2012). The Large-Cap Portfolio: Value Investing and the Hidden Opportunity in Big Company Stocks. Volume 177 of Bloomberg Financial: John Wiley Sons Zacks. (2011). Finance:What Factors Influence the Rates of Return on an Investment?. Retrieved on 23 Aug 2016 from: https://finance.zacks.com/factors-influence-rates-return-investment-1420.html